THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF STATE CREATION OF THE UKRAINIAN FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC IN 1917-1922: CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN STATE-FORMING PROCESSES

Abstract

The Ukrainian people constantly, as evidenced by the chronological framework of the history of Ukraine, for centuries fought for freedom and independence, for their own statehood and sovereignty. The cultural and educational activity of Ukrainians in the Far East was one of the institutional factors of the processes of state formation of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Republic in 1917-1922 - Green Wedge. No nation can exist without this important direction of activity. The cultural and educational field gave the life force of the breath of freedom to Ukrainians, the idea of raising them above the enslaved everyday life, slavery, material and economic troubles and hardships, in the historical cycle of changes, as a form of social national self-awareness of Ukrainians, in the time of revealing the accumulated experience of the constructivism of the state-building of the Ukrainian nation, on the path of national self-determination. Thanks to the continuity of the traditions of Ukrainian culture, where such social values and spiritual assets as universality, state-building democracy, tolerance of different nationalities, equality, justice, humanity, etc. reach their highest expression. Analytical and legal studies in this article and the analysis of cultural and educational activities in the Far East, as one of the important factors of the state-building processes of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Republic, which arose and underwent the corresponding formation and development, since the ancient times of the settlement of Ukrainians in the Far East. Settlement (relocation), as forced, since the times of imperial barbarism (r)ussian oppression of the period of tsarism of autocrats Catherine and Peter I. When «Koliivshchyna» was drowned in the blood of Ukrainians, the Cossacks were destroyed, and the first resettlement by the tsarist government began in the second half of the 18th century. (1765-1785) on the territory of the Far East (Trans-Baikal, Manchurian, Amur, Primorsky, Sakhalin, Kamchatka regions). Representative in this context is the thesis outlined in the third volume of the «History of Ukrainian Culture» devoted to the evolution of the national-cultural process, Cossack Ukraine presented the world with a whole galaxy of talented cultural and educational figures - masters of the brush and graphics, architects, composers, brilliant writers, philosophers and thinkers. The high cultural level of Ukrainian society in the second half of the XVII-XVIII centuries. recorded by contemporary sources. Travelers and foreigners were impressed by the high level of education of the local population, much higher than in the «(r)ussian state», the organization of life, etc. Cultural and educational activities of Ukrainians in the Far East were carried out practically in many places, territories where the Ukrainian population lived compactly. It was they, as well as the age-old traditions of Ukrainianism, that determined the specifics of various drama circles and theaters, educational and art schools, cultural directions that were born and found further development and influence

on public interests, far-reaching directions and consequences for future times. They served and remained that powerful source resource that crystallized through local realities and spread cultural and socio-political attitudes and ideas that clearly reflected Ukrainian identity and worldview, national state-building. A specific form of Ukrainian cultural and

educational activity was the «Shevchenko Holidays», the tradition of which was organized in the Far East as early as 1909. They become free nationwide mass holidays of Ukrainians, they had significant educational and educational significance. Ukrainian choral ensembles of folk songs, which brought national patriotism, originality of thought, and freedom of spirit to the masses, became widespread in the Far East